Melanocortin Receptor Agonist (predominantly MC1R; α-MSH analogue)
Afamelanotide
Synthetic superpotent linear α-MSH analogue ([Nle⁴, D-Phe⁷]-α-MSH); MC1R agonist that drives cutaneous eumelanogenesis — approved as Scenesse® by the FDA (2019), EMA (2014) and TGA (2020) for photoprotection in erythropoietic protoporphyria.
View DetailsMetabolic Fragment — engineered 16-aa lipolytic hGH-fragment analogue with an added N-terminal tyrosine (research reagent; failed clinical obesity candidate)
AOD-9604
16-amino-acid synthetic peptide (YLRIVQCRSVEGSCGF) — the C-terminal hGH lipolytic fragment (residues 177–191) extended by an N-terminal tyrosine. NOT approved by the FDA, EMA, Health Canada or Australian TGA as a therapeutic. The Phase 2b OPTIONS obesity trial (n=536, 24 weeks) FAILED its primary weight-loss endpoint and the obesity programme was discontinued in 2007. On the WADA 2026 Prohibited List under Class S0 (with a secondary S2 reading). Research use only.
View DetailsSynthetic cytoprotective pentadecapeptide (tissue-repair / healing research compound)
BPC-157
Synthetic 15-amino-acid pentadecapeptide (PL-14736) derived from a fragment of a 60-aa protein in human gastric juice. Proposed cytoprotective and angiogenic activity is largely inferred from preclinical rodent and in-vitro data; not approved by any regulator and intended for research use only.
View DetailsFixed-dose Amylin/CTR Agonist + GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Combination (Incretin Class)
CagriSema
Investigational once-weekly fixed-dose combination of cagrilintide (long-acting amylin/calcitonin receptor agonist) and semaglutide (long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist) developed by Novo Nordisk; U.S. FDA NDA submitted in December 2025.
View DetailsGHRH(1-29) Analogue with Drug Affinity Complex (Growth-Hormone Secretagogue, GRF Class)
CJC-1295
Investigational tetra-substituted GHRH(1-29) analogue developed by ConjuChem (Canada). Exists in two chemically distinct forms — CJC-1295 with DAC (covalent albumin binding, ~6–8 day half-life) and CJC-1295 without DAC / Modified GRF 1-29 (short-acting, ~30 min). Highest phase reached: Phase 2 (NCT00267527, terminated 2006). Not approved.
View DetailsInvestigational peptidomimetic tripeptide (Cognitive-Nootropic research — angiotensin-IV analogue, HGF/c-Met positive modulator)
Dihexa
Investigational angiotensin IV–derived peptidomimetic tripeptide (PNB-0408) reported by the Harding/Wright laboratory at Washington State University as a positive modulator of the HGF/c-Met system. NOT approved by FDA, EMA or any other regulator. Zero registered human trials (ClinicalTrials.gov v2 audit 2026-05-02). Limited human data — preclinical reports only. WADA Class S0. Research use only.
View DetailsInvestigational neuropeptide (cognitive / nootropic — sleep EEG slow-wave modulation, stress / HPA axis, non-opioid antinociception, RECEPTOR UNIDENTIFIED)
DSIP
DSIP (Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide) is a 9-amino-acid neuropeptide with the sequence WAGGDASGE, isolated in 1977 by Schoenenberger and Monnier in Basel. NOT approved by the FDA, EMA or any other regulator. Zero registered human Phase 2/3 trials (ClinicalTrials.gov v2 audit 2026-05-02). RECEPTOR UNIDENTIFIED — after 40+ years of research no DSIP receptor has been cloned or pharmacologically validated. NOT a classical sedative, NOT a benzodiazepine alternative. Limited human data — preclinical reports and small uncontrolled observations only. Research use only.
View DetailsMitochondria-targeting synthetic tetrapeptide (Szeto–Schiller / MTP class) — mitochondrial / longevity research; FDA-approved 2025 for Barth syndrome (FORZINITY)
Elamipretide
Synthetic mitochondria-targeting tetrapeptide (Szeto–Schiller / SS-31 / MTP-131 / Bendavia / Forzinity class) — H-D-Arg-Tmt-Lys-Phe-NH₂. FDA-approved on 19 September 2025 as FORZINITY (NDA 215244) under accelerated approval for Barth syndrome (≥30 kg) — the first FDA-approved therapy for Barth syndrome and the first FDA-approved mitochondria-targeted peptide therapeutic. EMA: not approved. All other indications remain investigational; for research use only outside the Barth indication.
View DetailsSynthetic Pineal Tetrapeptide (AEDG, Bioregulator Class — Mitochondrial / Longevity Research)
Epitalon
Synthetic tetrapeptide Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly (AEDG) modeled on the active fraction of the bovine pineal extract Epithalamin. In vitro telomerase findings were independently replicated in 2025; human data are limited to small single-center open-label observational studies from one research group. Research use only; not approved by FDA or EMA.
View DetailsSenolytic D-retro-inverso peptide (Mitochondrial / Longevity Research — selective senolysis)
FOXO4-DRI
Synthetic D-retro-inverso peptide (≈ 46 amino acids) that selectively disrupts the FOXO4-p53 protein-protein interaction in senescent cells (selective senolysis). Conjugated to an HIV-TAT-derived cell-penetrating peptide cargo. Not approved by FDA, EMA, MHRA, PMDA, Health Canada, TGA, NMPA or ANVISA. Limited human data — preclinical reports only. WADA Class S0. Research use only.
View DetailsMetabolic Fragment — natural endogenous C-terminal 16-aa lipolytic hGH fragment (residues 176–191), GH-receptor-independent pharmacology (no JAK2/STAT5, no IGF-1 elevation), research reagent with no registered human Phase 2/3 RCT
GH FRAG 176-191
Natural C-terminal 16-amino-acid fragment of human growth hormone (residues 176–191 of hGH / UniProt P01241), sequence YLRIVQCRSVEGSCGF with intramolecular Cys-182 / Cys-189 disulfide bond. NOT approved by the FDA, EMA, Health Canada or TGA for any indication. FDA Section 503A Category 2 (October 2019, insufficient safety/effectiveness data). NO registered human Phase 2/3 RCT of the unmodified peptide exists — the closest available human evidence comes from the AOD-9604 Phase 2b OPTIONS trial (n=536, 24 weeks), which FAILED its primary weight-loss endpoint. WADA Class S0 (with possible secondary S2.2). Research use only.
View DetailsEndogenous Cu(II)-binding tripeptide (cosmetic ingredient / skin-regeneration research)
GHK-Cu
Endogenous tripeptide glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine (GHK) that avidly chelates Cu(II); INCI-listed cosmetic ingredient "Copper Tripeptide-1", not an FDA-approved drug. Studied for skin remodeling, wound healing, and gene-expression modulation; for research use only.
View DetailsHexapeptide GHSR-1a Agonist (Ghrelin Mimetic, GHRP Class)
GHRP-2
Synthetic hexapeptide and ghrelin mimetic (GHSR-1a agonist), INN pralmorelin. The regulatory anchor of the GHRP class: approved on 22 October 2004 by Japan PMDA as the IV diagnostic injection "GHRP Kaken" 100 µg — the first and so far only ghrelin-mimetic with marketing approval anywhere in the world. NOT approved by FDA or EMA.
View DetailsHexapeptide GHSR-1a Agonist (Ghrelin Mimetic, GHRP Class, Historical Prototype)
GHRP-6
Synthetic hexapeptide and the FIRST ghrelin-mimetic / GHSR-1a agonist, characterised by Bowers and colleagues at Tulane University in 1984. Class differentiator: pronounced acute appetite stimulation via central GHSR-1a engagement (Lawrence 2002). NOT approved by FDA, EMA, or PMDA; Phase I pharmacokinetics in Cuba under CIGB / CECMED. Listed on the WADA Prohibited List 2026 under section S2.2.4.
View DetailsGnRH Agonist (natural human decapeptide; pulsatile stimulation of the pituitary–gonadal axis)
Gonadorelin
Natural human GnRH/LHRH decapeptide (pyroEHWSYGLRPG-NH₂); full GnRHR agonist that, when delivered pulsatilely, stimulates pituitary LH/FSH secretion — historically FDA-approved as Factrel (diagnostic) and Lutrepulse (pulsatile pump), now discontinued in the US but available in EU/Canada as Lutrelef.
View DetailsHexapeptide GHSR-1a + CD36 Agonist (Ghrelin Mimetic, GHRP Class)
Hexarelin
Synthetic hexapeptide and ghrelin mimetic (GHSR-1a agonist) developed by Mediolanum Farmaceutici (EP-23905). Unique within the GHRP class for additionally binding the cardiac scavenger receptor CD36 — the basis for direct, GH-independent cardiotropic effects. NOT approved; Phase II programme discontinued in 2004.
View DetailsHeterodimeric Glycoprotein Hormone (full LHCGR agonist; α/β-subunits)
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG)
Heterodimeric glycoprotein hormone (NOT a synthetic peptide) of α + β-hCG subunits; full LHCGR agonist with extended plasma half-life that mimics the LH surge — approved by the FDA and EMA as Pregnyl/Novarel (urinary hCG) and Ovidrel/Ovitrelle (recombinant choriogonadotropin alfa) for assisted reproduction and male hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.
View DetailsIGF / Muscle research — truncated endogenously-identified human IGF-1 analogue (research / bioproduction reagent)
IGF-1 DES (1-3)
Truncated 67-amino-acid analogue of human IGF-1 missing the N-terminal Gly-Pro-Glu (G-P-E) tripeptide. Originally identified by the Sara group (Karolinska) as an endogenous IGF-1 variant in human fetal brain. Not approved by the FDA or EMA as a therapeutic — a different molecule from mecasermin / Increlex® (rh-IGF-1, DrugBank DB01277). On the WADA 2026 Prohibited List, Class S2.5. Research use only.
View DetailsIGF / Muscle research — recombinant human IGF-1 analogue (bioproduction reagent)
IGF-1 LR3
Recombinant 83-amino-acid analogue of human IGF-1 carrying a 13-residue MFPAMPLSSLFVN N-terminal extension and a Glu³→Arg³ substitution. Engineered for IGFBP evasion. Not approved by FDA or EMA as a therapeutic — not the same molecule as mecasermin / Increlex® (rh-IGF-1, DrugBank DB01277). Regulated only as a cell-culture / bioproduction reagent (Sigma-Aldrich, Repligen LONG®R³ IGF-I). On the WADA 2026 Prohibited List, Class S2.5. Research use only.
View DetailsPentapeptide GHSR-1a Agonist (Ghrelin Mimetic, GHRP Class)
Ipamorelin
Synthetic pentapeptide and selective GHSR-1a agonist (ghrelin receptor) developed by Novo Nordisk (NNC 26-0161). Notable for the historically cleanest selectivity within the GHRP class: GH release without measurable ACTH, cortisol, prolactin, FSH, LH or TSH elevation. NOT approved; Phase 2 program failed.
View DetailsEndogenous peptide hormone (KISS1 gene product) and investigational reproductive-endocrine therapeutic — master upstream regulator of the GnRH pulse generator
Kisspeptin
Endogenous human peptide hormone (KISS1 gene product) and investigational therapeutic — master upstream regulator of the GnRH pulse generator. NOT FDA-, EMA-, MHRA-, PMDA- or NMPA-approved for any clinical indication. Research use; under Phase 2 investigation in IVF triggering, hypothalamic amenorrhoea and HSDD.
View DetailsInvestigational melanocortin tripeptide (Melanocortin research — anti-inflammatory C-terminal α-MSH(11–13) fragment, MELANOCORTIN-RECEPTOR-INDEPENDENT, NOT a tanning peptide)
KPV
KPV (Lys-Pro-Val) is the anti-inflammatory C-terminal tripeptide of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (residues 11–13). NOT approved by the FDA, EMA or any other regulator. Zero registered human trials (ClinicalTrials.gov v2 audit 2026-05-02). NOT a tanning peptide, NO sexual-function indication, NOT a classical melanocortin-receptor agonist — pharmacologically OPPOSITE to afamelanotide, PT-141 and Melanotan II despite a shared α-MSH lineage. Limited human data — preclinical reports only. WADA Class S0. Research use only.
View DetailsSynthetic Cyclic Heptapeptide (Melanocortin Receptor Class — non-selective MC1R/MC3R/MC4R/MC5R agonist; investigational research compound, not approved)
Melanotan II
Synthetic cyclic heptapeptide α-MSH(4–10) analogue (Ac-Nle-cyclo[Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Lys]-NH₂); a non-selective melanocortin receptor agonist (MC1R / MC3R / MC4R / MC5R). NOT approved by the FDA, EMA, or MHRA for clinical use; the UK MHRA has issued public warnings against the use of unlicensed Melanotan products since 2008. Limited human data — research use only.
View DetailsMitochondrial-derived peptide (MDP) — Mitochondrial / Longevity Research
MOTS-c
Mitochondrial-derived peptide (MDP) — natural 16-amino-acid peptide (MRWQEMGYIFYPRKLR) encoded by a small open reading frame within human MT-RNR1 (12S mt-rRNA) on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA); not nuclear DNA. First MDP with a defined systemic metabolic role (AMPK activation). Not approved by FDA or EMA. On the WADA Prohibited List as of 2024 (Class S4, AMPK activators). Research use only.
View DetailsIGF / Muscle research — N-terminally PEGylated MGF E-peptide (the 24-aa C-terminal E-domain of the IGF-1Ec splice variant; research reagent, not an approved therapeutic)
PEG-MGF
PEGylated 24-amino-acid MGF E-peptide (the C-terminal E-domain of the IGF-1Ec splice variant of human IGF-1). NOT the same molecule as IGF-1 — different molecule with distinct pharmacology. Not approved by the FDA, EMA or any other Western regulator. NO registered Phase 1/2/3 trial. On the WADA 2026 Prohibited List, Class S2.5. Research use only.
View DetailsMelanocortin Receptor Agonist (MC4R-preferring; α-MSH analogue)
PT-141
Synthetic cyclic 7-residue α-MSH analogue with preferential MC4R activity; approved as Vyleesi® by the U.S. FDA on 21 June 2019 for acquired, generalised hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) in premenopausal women.
View DetailsTriple GLP-1 / GIP / Glucagon Receptor Agonist
Retatrutide
Investigational triple GLP-1 / GIP / glucagon receptor agonist administered as a once-weekly subcutaneous peptide, evaluated in clinical trials for obesity and type 2 diabetes.
View DetailsSynthetic Heptapeptide (TKPRPGP, Cognitive-Nootropic Class — Investigational Anxiolytic)
Selank
Synthetic heptapeptide Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro (TKPRPGP), registered in Russia in 2009 as an intranasal 0.15% spray for anxiety disorders. No Western Phase I/II/III RCTs exist; the published evidence is dominated by the Myasoedov / Ashmarin RAMS lineage. Research use only; not approved by FDA or EMA.
View DetailsLong-Acting GLP-1 Receptor Agonist
Semaglutide
Approved long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist administered once weekly subcutaneously or once daily orally, evaluated in pivotal trials across type 2 diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular risk reduction, chronic kidney disease, and MASH.
View DetailsSynthetic Heptapeptide (MEHFPGP, Cognitive-Nootropic Class — Neuroprotective Research Peptide)
Semax
Synthetic heptapeptide Met-Glu-His-Phe-Pro-Gly-Pro (MEHFPGP) approved in Russia for acute ischaemic stroke (1% intranasal) and cognitive indications (0.1% intranasal) by the Ministry of Health and listed on the Russian Vital and Essential Drugs List (ZHVNLP) — NOT FDA-approved and NOT EMA-approved. Research use only outside Russia.
View DetailsGHRH(1-29) Receptor Agonist (Growth-Hormone Secretagogue, GRF Class)
Sermorelin
Synthetic GHRH(1-29) amide (Geref); the shortest fragment of human growth-hormone-releasing hormone that retains full biological activity — historically FDA-approved for pediatric GH deficiency and voluntarily withdrawn from the US market in 2008 for commercial reasons.
View DetailsActin-binding β-thymosin / healing & repair peptide (slug: healing-repair). Do NOT conflate with Thymosin α1, a TLR2/TLR9-mediated immune modulator from a separate gene family.
TB-500
The label "TB-500" denotes two chemically distinct molecules: in the peer-reviewed literature it refers to the synthetic 7-residue fragment Ac-LKKTETQ (CAS 885340-08-9, ~889 Da); in research-chemical commerce it is routinely sold as a synonym for full-length 43-amino-acid Thymosin β-4 (timbetasin, CAS 77591-33-4, ~4921 Da). Neither form is approved; for research use only.
View DetailsGHRH(1-44) Receptor Agonist (Growth-Hormone Secretagogue, GRF Class)
Tesamorelin
Stabilised synthetic GHRH(1-44) analogue (TH9507) developed by Theratechnologies and FDA-approved as Egrifta, Egrifta SV, and Egrifta WR for the reduction of excess visceral abdominal fat in HIV-associated lipodystrophy; not authorised in the European Union.
View DetailsThymic peptide hormone analogue / immune modulator (slug: immune-other; pleiotropic TLR2/TLR9-mediated effect rather than a classical single-receptor agonist)
Thymosin Alpha-1
Synthetic 28-amino-acid N-acetylated thymic peptide (thymalfasin / Zadaxin); pleiotropic TLR2/TLR9-mediated immune modulator — approved as Zadaxin in 35+ countries (Italy, China, Vietnam, Mexico and others) for chronic hepatitis B and as a vaccine adjuvant in immunocompromised populations, but NOT FDA-approved in the United States — only orphan-drug designations exist there.
View DetailsDual GIP / GLP-1 Receptor Agonist (Incretin Co-Agonist)
Tirzepatide
First approved dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist (Mounjaro / Zepbound) developed by Eli Lilly, dosed once weekly subcutaneously and evaluated across the SURPASS, SURMOUNT, SUMMIT, SURMOUNT-OSA, and SYNERGY-NASH Phase III programmes.
View Details